The accusative case in German is an essential building block in German grammar for those learning how to speak German. If you’ve already tackled the nominative case (the one used to identify the subject of a sentence), then the Akkusativ (accusative) case is your next logical step. It’s all about the direct object: the “who” or “what” that is directly receiving the action of the sentence. Read on for a straightforward breakdown of the accusative case with helpful charts and practical examples.
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Identifying the accusative case in German
So, what is the accusative case in German? This is one of four German cases, including the nominative case, the accusative case, the dative case, and the genitive case. The Akkusativ (accusative) case is used to show, through grammar, who or what is directly receiving the sentence’s action. This “who” or “what” pointed out by the accusative case is known as the direct object.
Accusative case vs nominative and dative case
The accusative case is distinct from the nominative case, which identifies the subject of the sentence. For example, in the sentence Der Mann streichelt den Hund (The man pets the dog), der Mann (the man) is in the nominative case because it’s the subject performing the action of the sentence, while den Hund is in the Akkusativ case because it’s receiving the action.
The dative case, on the other hand, is used for the indirect object—the recipient or beneficiary of the action. For instance, in the sentence Ich gebe dem Mann den Apfel (I give the man the apple), dem Mann is dative because he receives the apple, while den Apfel is accusative since it’s the direct object being given. This is made clear to the reader because, even though Mann and Apfel are masculine nouns, different articles—German forms of the word “the”—are used before them.
Prepositions you’ll use in the accusative case
If you’re finding it a challenge to identify when to use the accusative case, then one way you can solve the mystery is with prepositions. Prepositions play a significant role in determining the case of the nouns that follow them in German.
The accusative and dative cases in German each have their own set of prepositions that always trigger the use of the correct case. By memorizing which prepositions relate to which case, you’ll have a much easier time building more complicated expressions as you improve your German fluency.
Here is the complete list of prepositions that will always require the German accusative case:
| Preposition | English | German Example | English Translation |
| durch | through | Er läuft durch den Park. | He walks through the park. |
| für | for | Das Geschenk ist für meine Mutter. | The gift is for my mother. |
| gegen | against | Wir spielen gegen die besten Teams. | We are playing against the best teams. |
| ohne | without | Sie geht ohne ihren Freund. | She goes without her boyfriend. |
| um | around | Wir sitzen um den Tisch. | We sit around the table. |
| bis | until | Wir warten bis nächsten Freitag. | We wait until next Friday. |
| entlang | along | Er geht entlang die Straße. | He walks along the street. |
Accusative case articles
An article is a part of speech used to tell whether a noun is specific or general. In English, there are only three articles: “the,” “a,” and “an.” The German language, on the other hand, uses articles to show much more information about the noun they’re modifying like gender, number, and even grammatical case.
Articles in German are one of two types:
- Definite article: This is used to refer to a specific noun that is known by both speakers or refers to a specific item.
- Example: Die Tasche auf dem Tisch ist meine. = The bag on the table is mine.
- Indefinite article: This article is used to refer to a noun in general terms, one of many.
- Example: Hast du einen Stift? = Do you have a pen?
Because of all the information that can be communicated by articles in the German language, there are many more of them than in the English language. The accusative case in German often shows which noun or pronoun is the direct object of the sentence by using one of eight articles.
The chart tells you what each of these German accusative case articles are, with some helpful examples of how to put them to use:
| Gender/Number | Definite Article | Indefinite Article | German Example | English Translation |
| masculine | den | einen | Der Hund jagt den/einen Ball. | The dog chases the/a ball. |
| feminine | die | eine | Der Lehrer lobt die/eine Schülerin. | The teacher praises the/a (female) student. |
| neuter | das | ein | Ich kaufe das/ein Buch. | I’m buying the/a book. |
| plural | die | keine | Wir besuchen die/keine Museen. | We are visiting the/no museums. |
Tips for using pronouns in the German accusative case
German pronouns in the accusative case are used to replace the direct object of the sentence. When you already know about what or whom you’re talking, accusative pronouns can stand in for the full noun. Instead of saying Ich sehe den Mann (I see the man) repeatedly, you can replace den Mann with ihn (him) and say Ich sehe ihn (I see him). This helps your expressions to flow naturally without redundancy and gives more variety to your communication.
Just like in English, where the pronouns “we” and “us” can refer to the same group of people in different grammatical cases, the accusative case in German has its own list of pronouns. Knowing which pronouns to use and when is an essential skill for achieving full German fluency.
Look below to learn every German accusative case pronoun and see how they can be used in a sentence:
| German Pronoun | English | German Example | English Translation |
| mich | me | Sie sieht mich. | She sees me. |
| dich | you (informal) | Ich rufe dich an. | I’m calling you. |
| ihn | him | Er kennt ihn gut. | He knows him well. |
| sie | her | Wir treffen sie morgen. | We’re meeting her tomorrow. |
| es | it | Ich finde es interessant. | I find it interesting. |
| uns | us | Sie besuchen uns oft. | They visit us often. |
| euch | you all (informal) | Ich sehe euch im park. | I see you all in the park. |
| sie | them | Wir holen sie später ab. | We’ll pick them up later. |
| Sie | you/you all (formal) | Ich höre Sie nicht. | I don’t hear you/you all. |
Always remember that there is a formal and an informal register when speaking or writing in German!
You’ll use the informal accusative pronouns dich (you) and euch (you all) when:
- You know the audience closely
- Communicating with people younger than you
Be mindful to use the formal accusative pronoun Sie (you/you all) when:
- You’re talking business
- Writing academic pieces
- Expressing yourself with someone older than you
- Communicating with someone you don’t know well
When in doubt, you should default to using formal language to avoid accidentally insulting someone.
How to adjust accusative adjective endings
When a noun shifts into the German accusative case, the adjectives describing it must follow suit. This is done by changing the ending of the adjective based on the accusative noun’s number and gender. Neuter nouns in the accusative case are special because the adjective endings change depending on whether the noun is definite or indefinite. All other noun genders and numbers ignore this rule and stick to one form of adjective ending each.
Review German accusative case adjective endings with helpful examples in the chart below:
| Gender/Number | Adjective Ending | German Example | English Translation |
| masculine | -en | Ich sehe den großen Mann. | I see the tall man. |
| feminine | -e | Sie kennt die nette Frau. | She knows the nice woman. |
| neuter | -e/-es | Er kauft das blaue Auto./Er kauft ein blaues Auto. | He buys the blue car./He buys a blue car. |
| plural | -en | Wir besuchen die alten Freunde. | We visit the old friends. |
SVO sentence structure in German
The most common sentence structure in German, like in English, is called SVO (Subject, Verb, Object). It means the subject comes first, followed by the verb, then the direct object. You can use this sentence structure to build on your knowledge of the nominative case to add the accusative case to your German expressions. For example, in the sentence Der Mann kauft den Apfel (The man buys the apple), der Mann is the subject written in the nominative case, kauft is the verb, and den Apfel is the direct object shown in the accusative case.
Now, take it a step further! Add more description and flavor to your SVO sentences by inserting adjectives with adjusted endings before each of your nouns like in these examples:
- Ein hungriger Vogel pickt den grünen Apfel. = The hungry bird picks the green apple.
- Der große Hund jagt eine kleine Katze. = The big dog chases a little cat.
- Die kluge Schülerin beantwortet die schwierige Frage. = The clever student answers the difficult question.
- Ein kreativer Künstler malt ein großes Bild. = A creative artist paints a large picture
- Die freundliche Frau bringt die leckeren Kekse. = The friendly woman brings the delicious cookies.
Key takeaways for the accusative case in German
Getting comfortable using the accusative case is crucial for constructing clear and correct sentences with direct objects in German. Here are a few key takeaways about the Akkusativ (accusative) case in German:
- The accusative case is used to show, through grammar, who or what is receiving the action in a sentence, also known as the direct object.
- Articles and adjective endings change in the accusative case based on the gender and number of the noun, with unique adjustments for neuter nouns depending on whether the noun is definite or indefinite.
- There are specific German pronouns used to replace the direct object in a sentence.
- Certain prepositions will always trigger the accusative case.
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